rotate()
The rotate()
CSS function defines a transformation that rotates an element around a
fixed point on the 2D plane, without deforming it. Its result is a <transform-function>
data
type.
Try it
The fixed point that the element rotates around — mentioned above — is also known as the transform
origin. This defaults to the center of the element, but you can set your own custom transform origin using
the transform-origin
property.
Syntax
The amount of rotation created by rotate()
is specified by an <angle>
. If positive,
the movement will be clockwise; if negative, it will be counter-clockwise. A rotation by 180° is called point
reflection.
css
rotate(a)
Values
- a
-
Is an
<angle>
representing the angle of the rotation. The direction of rotation depends on the writing direction. In a left-to-right context, a positive angle denotes a clockwise rotation, a negative angle a counter-clockwise one. In a right-to-left context, a positive angle denotes a counter-clockwise rotation, a negative angle a clockwise one.
Cartesian coordinates on ℝ^2 | Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ^2 | Cartesian coordinates on ℝ^3 | Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ^3 |
---|---|---|---|
[cos(a) sin(a) -sin(a) cos(a) 0 0] |
Examples
Basic example
HTML
html
<div>Normal</div>
<div class="rotated">Rotated</div>
CSS
css
div {
width: 80px;
height: 80px;
background-color: skyblue;
}
.rotated {
transform: rotate(45deg); /* Equal to rotateZ(45deg) */
background-color: pink;
}
Result
Combining rotation with another transformation
If you want apply multiple transformations to an element, be careful about the order in which you specify your transformations. For example, if you rotate before translating, the translation will be along the new axis of rotation!
HTML
html
<div>Normal</div>
<div class="rotate">Rotated</div>
<div class="rotate-translate">Rotated + Translated</div>
<div class="translate-rotate">Translated + Rotated</div>
CSS
css
div {
position: absolute;
left: 40px;
top: 40px;
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: lightgray;
}
.rotate {
background-color: transparent;
outline: 2px dashed;
transform: rotate(45deg);
}
.rotate-translate {
background-color: pink;
transform: rotate(45deg) translateX(180px);
}
.translate-rotate {
background-color: gold;
transform: translateX(180px) rotate(45deg);
}
Result
Specifications
Specification |
---|
CSS Transforms Module Level 1 # funcdef-transform-rotate |
Browser compatibility
BCD tables only load in the browser
See also
transform
propertyrotate
property<transform-function>
rotate3d()