text-overflow
The text-overflow
CSS property sets how hidden overflow content is signaled to users. It can be clipped, display an ellipsis ('…
'), or display a custom string.
Try it
The text-overflow
property doesn't force an overflow to occur. To make text overflow its container, you have to set other CSS properties: overflow
and white-space
. For example:
css
overflow: hidden;
white-space: nowrap;
The text-overflow
property only affects content that is overflowing a block container element in its inline progression direction (not text overflowing at the bottom of a box, for example).
Syntax
The text-overflow
property may be specified using one or two values. If one value is given, it specifies overflow behavior for the end of the line (the right end for left-to-right text, the left end for right-to-left text). If two values are given, the first specifies overflow behavior for the left end of the line, and the second specifies it for the right end of the line.
css
text-overflow: clip;
text-overflow: ellipsis ellipsis;
text-overflow: ellipsis " [..]";
/* Global values */
text-overflow: inherit;
text-overflow: initial;
text-overflow: revert;
text-overflow: revert-layer;
text-overflow: unset;
- one of the keyword values:
clip
,ellipsis
,fade
- the function
fade()
, which is passed a<length>
or a<percentage>
to control the fade distance - a
<string>
.
Values
clip
-
The default for this property. This keyword value will truncate the text at the limit of the content area, therefore the truncation can happen in the middle of a character. To clip at the transition between characters you can specify
text-overflow
as an empty string, if that is supported in your target browsers:text-overflow: '';
. ellipsis
-
This keyword value will display an ellipsis (
'…'
,U+2026 HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS
) to represent clipped text. The ellipsis is displayed inside the content area, decreasing the amount of text displayed. If there is not enough space to display the ellipsis, it is clipped. <string>
Experimental-
The
<string>
to be used to represent clipped text. The string is displayed inside the content area, shortening the size of the displayed text. If there is not enough space to display the string itself, it is clipped. fade
Experimental-
This keyword clips the overflowing inline content and applies a fade-out effect near the edge of the line box with complete transparency at the edge.
fade( <length> | <percentage> )
Experimental-
This function clips the overflowing inline content and applies a fade-out effect near the edge of the line box with complete transparency at the edge.
The argument determines the distance over which the fade effect is applied. The
<percentage>
is resolved against the width of the line box. Values lower than0
are clipped to0
. Values greater than the width of the line box are clipped to the width of the line box.
Formal definition
Initial value | clip |
---|---|
Applies to | block container elements |
Inherited | no |
Computed value | as specified |
Animation type | discrete |
Formal syntax
text-overflow =
clip |
ellipsis
Examples
One-value syntax
This example shows different values for text-overflow
applied to a paragraph, for left-to-right and right-to-left text.
HTML
html
<div class="ltr">
<h2>Left to right text</h2>
<pre>clip</pre>
<p class="overflow-clip">
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit.
</p>
<pre>ellipsis</pre>
<p class="overflow-ellipsis">
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit.
</p>
<pre>" [..]"</pre>
<p class="overflow-string">
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit.
</p>
</div>
<div class="rtl">
<h2>Right to left text</h2>
<pre>clip</pre>
<p class="overflow-clip">
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit.
</p>
<pre>ellipsis</pre>
<p class="overflow-ellipsis">
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit.
</p>
<pre>" [..]"</pre>
<p class="overflow-string">
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit.
</p>
</div>
CSS
css
p {
width: 200px;
border: 1px solid;
padding: 2px 5px;
/* Both of the following are required for text-overflow */
white-space: nowrap;
overflow: hidden;
}
.overflow-clip {
text-overflow: clip;
}
.overflow-ellipsis {
text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
.overflow-string {
text-overflow: " [..]";
}
body {
display: flex;
justify-content: space-around;
}
.ltr > p {
direction: ltr;
}
.rtl > p {
direction: rtl;
}
Result
Two-value syntax
This example shows the two-value syntax for text-overflow
, where you can define different overflow behavior for the start and end of the text.
To show the effect we have to scroll the line so the start of the line is also hidden.
HTML
html
<pre>clip clip</pre>
<p class="overflow-clip-clip">
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit.
</p>
<pre>clip ellipsis</pre>
<p class="overflow-clip-ellipsis">
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit.
</p>
<pre>ellipsis ellipsis</pre>
<p class="overflow-ellipsis-ellipsis">
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit.
</p>
<pre>ellipsis " [..]"</pre>
<p class="overflow-ellipsis-string">
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit.
</p>
CSS
css
p {
width: 200px;
border: 1px solid;
padding: 2px 5px;
/* Both of the following are required for text-overflow */
white-space: nowrap;
overflow: scroll;
}
.overflow-clip-clip {
text-overflow: clip clip;
}
.overflow-clip-ellipsis {
text-overflow: clip ellipsis;
}
.overflow-ellipsis-ellipsis {
text-overflow: ellipsis ellipsis;
}
.overflow-ellipsis-string {
text-overflow: ellipsis " [..]";
}
JavaScript
js
// Scroll each paragraph so the start is also hidden
const paras = document.querySelectorAll("p");
for (const para of paras) {
para.scroll(100, 0);
}
Result
Specifications
Specification |
---|
CSS Overflow Module Level 3 # text-overflow |
A previous version of this interface reached the Candidate Recommendation status. As some not-listed-at-risk features needed to be removed, the spec was demoted to the Working Draft level, explaining why browsers implemented this property unprefixed, though not at the CR state.
Browser compatibility
BCD tables only load in the browser
See also
- Related CSS properties:
overflow
,white-space
- CSS properties that control line breaks in words:
overflow-wrap
,word-break