animation-timing-function
The animation-timing-function
CSS property sets how an animation progresses through the duration of each cycle.
Try it
It is often convenient to use the shorthand property animation
to set all animation properties at once.
Syntax
css
/* Keyword values */
animation-timing-function: ease;
animation-timing-function: ease-in;
animation-timing-function: ease-out;
animation-timing-function: ease-in-out;
animation-timing-function: linear;
animation-timing-function: step-start;
animation-timing-function: step-end;
/* Function values */
animation-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0.1, 0.7, 1, 0.1);
animation-timing-function: steps(4, end);
/* Steps Function keywords */
animation-timing-function: steps(4, jump-start);
animation-timing-function: steps(10, jump-end);
animation-timing-function: steps(20, jump-none);
animation-timing-function: steps(5, jump-both);
animation-timing-function: steps(6, start);
animation-timing-function: steps(8, end);
/* Multiple animations */
animation-timing-function: ease, step-start, cubic-bezier(0.1, 0.7, 1, 0.1);
/* Global values */
animation-timing-function: inherit;
animation-timing-function: initial;
animation-timing-function: revert;
animation-timing-function: revert-layer;
animation-timing-function: unset;
Values
<easing-function>
-
The easing function that corresponds to a given animation, as determined by
animation-name
.The non-step keyword values (ease, linear, ease-in-out, etc.) each represent cubic Bézier curve with fixed four point values, with the cubic-bezier() function value allowing for a non-predefined value. The step timing functions divides the input time into a specified number of intervals that are equal in length. It is defined by a number of steps and a step position.
ease
-
Equal to
cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.1, 0.25, 1.0)
, the default value, increases in velocity towards the middle of the animation, slowing back down at the end. linear
-
Equal to
cubic-bezier(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0)
, animates at an even speed. ease-in
-
Equal to
cubic-bezier(0.42, 0, 1.0, 1.0)
, starts off slowly, with the speed of the transition of the animating property increasing until complete. ease-out
-
Equal to
cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.58, 1.0)
, starts quickly, slowing down the animation continues. ease-in-out
-
Equal to
cubic-bezier(0.42, 0, 0.58, 1.0)
, with the animating properties slowly transitioning, speeding up, and then slowing down again. cubic-bezier(p1, p2, p3, p4)
-
An author defined cubic-bezier curve, where the p1 and p3 values must be in the range of 0 to 1.
steps(n, <jumpterm>)
-
Displays an animation iteration along n stops along the transition, displaying each stop for equal lengths of time. For example, if n is 5, there are 5 steps. Whether the animation holds temporarily at 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%, on the 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%, or makes 5 stops between the 0% and 100% along the animation, or makes 5 stops including the 0% and 100% marks (on the 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) depends on which of the following jump terms is used:
jump-start
-
Denotes a left-continuous function, so that the first jump happens when the animation begins;
jump-end
-
Denotes a right-continuous function, so that the last jump happens when the animation ends;
jump-none
-
There is no jump on either end. Instead, holding at both the 0% mark and the 100% mark, each for 1/n of the duration.
jump-both
-
Includes pauses at both the 0% and 100% marks, effectively adding a step during the animation iteration.
start
-
Same as
jump-start
. end
-
Same as
jump-end
.
step-start
-
Equal to
steps(1, jump-start)
step-end
-
Equal to
steps(1, jump-end)
Note: When you specify multiple comma-separated values on an animation-*
property, they are applied to the animations in the order in which the animation-name
s appear. For situations where the number of animations and animation-*
property values do not match, see Setting multiple animation property values.
Note: animation-timing-function
has the same effect when creating CSS scroll-driven animations as it does for regular time-based animations.
Description
Timing functions may be specified on individual keyframes in a @keyframes rule. If no animation-timing-function
is specified on a keyframe, the corresponding value of animation-timing-function
from the element to which the animation is applied is used for that keyframe.
Within a keyframe, animation-timing-function
is an at-rule-specific descriptor, not the property of the same name. The timing is not being animated. Rather, a keyframe's timing function is applied on a property-by-property basis from the keyframe on which it is specified until the next keyframe specifying that property, or until the end of the animation if there is no subsequent keyframe specifying that property. As a result, an animation-timing-function
specified on the 100%
or to
keyframe will never be used.
Formal definition
Initial value | ease |
---|---|
Applies to | all elements, ::before and ::after pseudo-elements |
Inherited | no |
Computed value | as specified |
Animation type | Not animatable |
Formal syntax
animation-timing-function =
<easing-function>#
<easing-function> =
linear |
<linear-easing-function> |
<cubic-bezier-easing-function> |
<step-easing-function>
<linear-easing-function> =
linear( <linear-stop-list> )
<cubic-bezier-easing-function> =
ease |
ease-in |
ease-out |
ease-in-out |
cubic-bezier( <number [0,1]> , <number> , <number [0,1]> , <number> )
<step-easing-function> =
step-start |
step-end |
steps( <integer> [, <step-position> ]? )
<linear-stop-list> =
[ <linear-stop> ]#
<step-position> =
jump-start |
jump-end |
jump-none |
jump-both |
start |
end
<linear-stop> =
<number> &&
<linear-stop-length>?
<linear-stop-length> =
<percentage>{1,2}
Examples
Cubic-Bezier examples
css
.ease {
animation-timing-function: ease;
}
.easein {
animation-timing-function: ease-in;
}
.easeout {
animation-timing-function: ease-out;
}
.easeinout {
animation-timing-function: ease-in-out;
}
.linear {
animation-timing-function: linear;
}
.cb {
animation-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0.2, -2, 0.8, 2);
}
Step examples
css
.jump-start {
animation-timing-function: steps(5, jump-start);
}
.jump-end {
animation-timing-function: steps(5, jump-end);
}
.jump-none {
animation-timing-function: steps(5, jump-none);
}
.jump-both {
animation-timing-function: steps(5, jump-both);
}
.start {
animation-timing-function: steps(5, start);
}
.end {
animation-timing-function: steps(5, end);
}
.step-start {
animation-timing-function: step-start;
}
.step-end {
animation-timing-function: step-end;
}
Specifications
Specification |
---|
CSS Animations Level 1 # animation-timing-function |
Browser compatibility
BCD tables only load in the browser
See also
- Using CSS animations
<easing-function>
- JavaScript
AnimationEvent
API - cubic-bezier.com
- Other related animation properties:
animation
,animation-composition
,animation-delay
,animation-direction
,animation-duration
,animation-fill-mode
,animation-iteration-count
,animation-name
,animation-play-state
,animation-timeline