transform-origin
The transform-origin
CSS property sets the origin for an element's transformations.
Try it
The transform origin is the point around which a transformation is applied. For example, the transform origin of the rotate()
function is the center of rotation.
In effect, this property wraps a pair of translations around the element's other transformations. The first translation moves the transform origin to the true origin at . Then the other transformations are applied, and because the transform origin is at , those transformations act about the transform origin. Finally, the opposite translation is applied, moving the transform origin back to its original location. Consequently, this definition
css
transform-origin: -100% 50%;
transform: rotate(45deg);
results in the same transformation as
css
transform-origin: 0 0;
transform: translate(-100%, 50%) rotate(45deg) translate(100%, -50%);
Reading from right to left, translate(100%, -50%)
is the translation to bring the transform origin to the true origin, rotate(45deg)
is the original transformation, and translate(-100%, 50%)
is the translation to restore the transform origin to its original location.
By default, the origin of a transform is center
.
Syntax
css
/* One-value syntax */
transform-origin: 2px;
transform-origin: bottom;
/* x-offset | y-offset */
transform-origin: 3cm 2px;
/* x-offset-keyword | y-offset */
transform-origin: left 2px;
/* x-offset-keyword | y-offset-keyword */
transform-origin: right top;
/* y-offset-keyword | x-offset-keyword */
transform-origin: top right;
/* x-offset | y-offset | z-offset */
transform-origin: 2px 30% 10px;
/* x-offset-keyword | y-offset | z-offset */
transform-origin: left 5px -3px;
/* x-offset-keyword | y-offset-keyword | z-offset */
transform-origin: right bottom 2cm;
/* y-offset-keyword | x-offset-keyword | z-offset */
transform-origin: bottom right 2cm;
/* Global values */
transform-origin: inherit;
transform-origin: initial;
transform-origin: revert;
transform-origin: revert-layer;
transform-origin: unset;
The transform-origin
property may be specified using one, two, or three values, where each value represents an offset. Offsets that are not explicitly defined are reset to their corresponding initial values.
If a single <length>
or <percentage>
value is defined, it represents the horizontal offset.
If two or more values are defined and either no value is a keyword, or the only used keyword is center
, then the first value represents the horizontal offset and the second represents the vertical offset.
- One-value syntax:
- The value must be a
<length>
, a<percentage>
, or one of the keywordsleft
,center
,right
,top
, andbottom
.
- The value must be a
- Two-value syntax:
- One value must be a
<length>
, a<percentage>
, or one of the keywordsleft
,center
, andright
. - The other value must be a
<length>
, a<percentage>
, or one of the keywordstop
,center
, andbottom
.
- One value must be a
- Three-value syntax:
- The first two values are the same as for the two-value syntax.
- The third value must be a
<length>
. It always represents the Z offset.
Values
- x-offset
-
Is a
<length>
or a<percentage>
describing how far from the left edge of the box the origin of the transform is set. - offset-keyword
-
Is one of the
left
,right
,top
,bottom
, orcenter
keyword describing the corresponding offset. - y-offset
-
Is a
<length>
or a<percentage>
describing how far from the top edge of the box the origin of the transform is set. - x-offset-keyword
-
Is one of the
left
,right
, orcenter
keyword describing how far from the left edge of the box the origin of the transform is set. - y-offset-keyword
-
Is one of the
top
,bottom
, orcenter
keyword describing how far from the top edge of the box the origin of the transform is set. - z-offset
-
Is a
<length>
(and never a<percentage>
which would make the statement invalid) describing how far from the user eye the z=0 origin is set.
The keywords are convenience shorthands and match the following <percentage>
values:
Keyword | Value |
---|---|
left |
0% |
center |
50% |
right |
100% |
top |
0% |
bottom |
100% |
Formal definition
Initial value | 50% 50% 0 |
---|---|
Applies to | transformable elements |
Inherited | no |
Percentages | refer to the size of bounding box |
Computed value | for <length> the absolute value, otherwise a percentage |
Animation type | simple list of length, percentage, or calc |
Note: The initial value of transform-origin
is 0 0
for all SVG elements except for root <svg>
elements and <svg>
elements that are a direct child of a foreignObject, and whose transform-origin
is 50% 50%
, like other CSS elements. See the SVG transform-origin attribute for more information.
Formal syntax
transform-origin =
[ left | center | right | top | bottom | <length-percentage> ] |
[ left | center | right | <length-percentage> ] [ top | center | bottom | <length-percentage> ] <length>? |
[ [ center | left | right ] && [ center | top | bottom ] ] <length>?
<length-percentage> =
<length> |
<percentage>
Examples
A demonstration of various transform values
This example shows the effect of choosing different transform-origin
values for a variety of transformation functions.
Specifications
Specification |
---|
CSS Transforms Module Level 1 # transform-origin-property |
Browser compatibility
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