RangeError: radix must be an integer
The JavaScript exception "radix must be an integer at least 2 and no greater than 36"
occurs when the optional radix parameter of the
Number.prototype.toString() or
the BigInt.prototype.toString() method was specified and is not between 2
and 36.
Message
RangeError: toString() radix argument must be between 2 and 36 (V8-based & Safari) RangeError: radix must be an integer at least 2 and no greater than 36 (Firefox)
Error type
What went wrong?
The optional radix parameter of the
Number.prototype.toString() or
the BigInt.prototype.toString() method was specified. Its value must be an
integer (a number) between 2 and 36, specifying the base of the number system to be used
for representing numeric values. For example, the decimal (base 10) number 169 is
represented in hexadecimal (base 16) as A9.
Why is this parameter's value limited to 36? A radix that is larger than 10 uses alphabetical characters as digits; therefore, the radix can't be larger than 36, since the Latin alphabet (used by English and many other languages) only has 26 characters.
The most common radixes:
- 2 for binary numbers,
- 8 for octal numbers,
- 10 for decimal numbers,
- 16 for hexadecimal numbers.
Examples
Invalid cases
js
(42).toString(0);
(42).toString(1);
(42).toString(37);
(42).toString(150);
// You cannot use a string like this for formatting:
(12071989).toString("MM-dd-yyyy");
Valid cases
js
(42).toString(2); // "101010" (binary)
(13).toString(8); // "15" (octal)
(0x42).toString(10); // "66" (decimal)
(100000).toString(16); // "186a0" (hexadecimal)