HTMLMediaElement: play() method

The HTMLMediaElement play() method attempts to begin playback of the media. It returns a Promise which is resolved when playback has been successfully started.

Failure to begin playback for any reason, such as permission issues, result in the promise being rejected.

Syntax

js

play()

Parameters

None.

Return value

A Promise which is resolved when playback has been started, or is rejected if for any reason playback cannot be started.

Note: Browsers released before 2019 may not return a value from play().

Exceptions

The promise's rejection handler is called with a DOMException object passed in as its sole input parameter (as opposed to a traditional exception being thrown). Possible errors include:

NotAllowedError DOMException

Provided if the user agent (browser) or operating system doesn't allow playback of media in the current context or situation. The browser may require the user to explicitly start media playback by clicking a "play" button, for example because of a Permissions Policy.

NotSupportedError DOMException

Provided if the media source (which may be specified as a MediaStream, MediaSource, Blob, or File, for example) doesn't represent a supported media format.

Other exceptions may be reported, depending on browser implementation details, media player implementation, and so forth.

Usage notes

Although the term "autoplay" is usually thought of as referring to pages that immediately begin playing media upon being loaded, web browsers' autoplay policies also apply to any script-initiated playback of media, including calls to play().

If the user agent is configured not to allow automatic or script-initiated playback of media, calling play() will cause the returned promise to be immediately rejected with a NotAllowedError. Websites should be prepared to handle this situation. For example, a site should not present a user interface that assumes playback has begun automatically, but should instead update their UI based on whether the returned promise is fulfilled or rejected. See the example below for more information.

Note: The play() method may cause the user to be asked to grant permission to play the media, resulting in a possible delay before the returned promise is resolved. Be sure your code doesn't expect an immediate response.

For even more in-depth information about autoplay and autoplay blocking, see our article Autoplay guide for media and Web Audio APIs.

Examples

This example demonstrates how to confirm that playback has begun and how to gracefully handle blocked automatic playback:

js

let videoElem = document.getElementById("video");
let playButton = document.getElementById("playbutton");

playButton.addEventListener("click", handlePlayButton, false);
playVideo();

async function playVideo() {
  try {
    await videoElem.play();
    playButton.classList.add("playing");
  } catch (err) {
    playButton.classList.remove("playing");
  }
}

function handlePlayButton() {
  if (videoElem.paused) {
    playVideo();
  } else {
    videoElem.pause();
    playButton.classList.remove("playing");
  }
}

In this example, playback of video is toggled off and on by the async playVideo() function. It tries to play the video, and if successful sets the class name of the playButton element to "playing". If playback fails to start, the playButton element's class is cleared, restoring its default appearance. This ensures that the play button matches the actual state of playback by watching for the resolution or rejection of the Promise returned by play().

When this example is executed, it begins by collecting references to the <video> element as well as the <button> used to toggle playback on and off. It then sets up an event handler for the click event on the play toggle button and attempts to automatically begin playback by calling playVideo().

You can try out or remix this example in real time on Glitch.

Specifications

Specification
HTML Standard
# dom-media-play-dev

Browser compatibility

BCD tables only load in the browser

See also